ÐÏà¡±á>þÿ £¥þÿÿÿ¡¢ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥ÁU ðR¿qµbjbjënën2¸‰éa‰éaÂ^ ÿÿÿÿÿÿ·""ÿÿÿÿÁÁÁ8ù„}ÁSl™™™™™ÍÍÍ³PµPµPµPµPµPµP$tT¶*W<�ÙPéÍÍÍÍÍÙP™™4ÂRÍŒ™™³PÍ³P™ÿÿÿÿà ‹¼ÚÔÿÿÿÿY(ŸPØR0SfWFfW¶/fWÏMÐÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÙPÙPÇRÍÍÍSÍÍÍÍÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿfWÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ"Qs: Risk Analysis Volume 39, Issue 2, February 2019 1. Title: How Should Autonomous Cars Drive? A Preference for Defaults in Moral Judgments Under Risk and Uncertainty Authors: Björn Meder; Nadine Fleischhut; Nina Carolin Krumnau; Michael R. Waldmann. Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise to make traffic safer, but their societal integration poses ethical challenges. What behavior of AVs is morally acceptable in critical traffic situations when consequences are only probabilistically known (a situation of risk) or even unknown (a situation of uncertainty)? How do people retrospectively evaluate the behavior of an AV in situations in which a road user has been harmed? We addressed these questions in two empirical studies (N = 1,638) that approximated the real world conditions under which AVs operate by varying the degree of risk and uncertainty of the situation. In Experiment 1, subjects learned that an AV had to decide between staying in the lane or swerving. Each action could lead to a collision with another road user, with some known or unknown likelihood. Subjects’ decision preferences and moral judgments varied considerably with specified probabilities under risk, yet less so under uncertainty. The results suggest that staying in the lane and performing an emergency stop is considered a reasonable default, even when this action does not minimize expected loss. Experiment 2 demonstrated that if an AV collided with another road user, subjects’ retrospective evaluations of the default action were also more robust against unwanted outcome and hindsight effects than the alternative swerve maneuver. The findings highlight the importance of investigating moral judgments under risk and uncertainty in order to develop policies that are societally acceptable even under critical conditions. 2. Title: How Safe Is Safe Enough for Self Driving Vehicles? Authors: Peng Liu; Run Yang; Zhigang Xu. Abstract: Self driving vehicles (SDVs) promise to considerably reduce traffic crashes. One pressing concern facing the public, automakers, and governments is How safe is safe enough for SDVs? To answer this question, a new expressed preference approach was proposed for the first time to determine the socially acceptable risk of SDVs. In our between subject survey (N = 499), we determined the respondents risk acceptance rate of scenarios with varying traffic risk frequencies to examine the logarithmic relationships between the traffic risk frequency and risk acceptance rate. Logarithmic regression models of SDVs were compared to those of human driven vehicles (HDVs); the results showed that SDVs were required to be safer than HDVs. Given the same traffic risk acceptance rates for SDVs and HDVs, their associated acceptable risk frequencies of SDVs and HDVs were predicted and compared. Two risk acceptance criteria emerged: the tolerable risk criterion, which indicates that SDVs should be four to five times as safe as HDVs, and the broadly acceptable risk criterion, which suggests that half of the respondents hoped that the traffic risk of SDVs would be two orders of magnitude lower than the current estimated traffic risk. The approach and these results could provide insights for government regulatory authorities for establishing clear safety requirements for SDVs. 3. Title: Public Acceptance of Fully Automated Driving: Effects of Social Trust and Risk/Benefit Perceptions Authors: Peng Liu; Run Yang; Zhigang Xu. Abstract: Automated driving (AD) is one of the most significant technical advances in the transportation industry. Its safety, economic, and environmental benefits cannot be realized if it is not used. To explain, predict, and increase its acceptance, we need to understand how people perceive and why they accept or reject AD technology. Drawing upon the trust heuristic, we tested a psychological model to explain three acceptance measures of fully AD (FAD): general acceptance, willingness to pay (WTP), and behavioral intention (BI). This heuristic suggests that social trust can directly affect acceptance or indirectly affect acceptance through perceived benefits and risks. Using a survey (N = 441), we found that social trust retained a direct effect as well as an indirect effect on all FAD acceptance measures. The indirect effect of social trust was more prominent in forming general acceptance; the direct effect of social trust was more prominent in explaining WTP and BI. Compared to perceived risk, perceived benefit was a stronger predictor of all FAD acceptance measures and also a stronger mediator of the trust–acceptance relationship. Predictive ability of the proposed model for the three acceptance measures was confirmed. We discuss the implications of our results for theory and practice. 4. Title: sCARy! Risk Perceptions in Autonomous Driving: The Influence of Experience on Perceived Benefits and Barriers Authors: Teresa Brell; Ralf Philipsen; Martina Ziefle. Abstract: The increasing development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) influences the future of transportation. Beyond the potential benefits in terms of safety, efficiency, and comfort, also potential risks of novel driving technologies need to be addressed. In this article, we explore risk perceptions toward connected and autonomous driving in comparison to conventional driving. In order to gain a deeper understanding of individual risk perceptions, we adopted a two step empirical procedure. First, focus groups ( N=17) were carried out to identify relevant risk factors for autonomous and connected driving. Further, a questionnaire was developed, which was answered by 516 German participants. In the questionnaire, three driving technologies (connected, autonomous, conventional) were evaluated via semantic differential (rating scale to identify connotative meaning of technologies). Second, participants rated perceived risk levels (for data, traffic environment, vehicle, and passenger) and perceived benefits and barriers of connected/autonomous driving. Since previous experience with automated functions of driver assistance systems can have an impact on the evaluation, three experience groups have been formed. The effect of experience on benefits and barrier perceptions was also analyzed. Risk perceptions were significantly smaller for conventional driving compared to connected/autonomous driving. With increasing experience, risk perception decreases for novel driving technologies with one exception: the perceived risk in handling data is not influenced by experience. The findings contribute to an understanding of risk perception in autonomous driving, which helps to foster a successful implementation of AVs on the market and to develop public information strategies. 5. Title: The Influence of Feelings While Driving Regular Cars on the Perception and Acceptance of Self Driving Cars Authors: Martina Raue; Lisa A. D'Ambrosio; Carley Ward; Chaiwoo Lee; Claire Jacquillat; Joseph F. Coughlin. Abstract: Self driving vehicles will affect the future of transportation, but factors that underlie perception and acceptance of self driving cars are yet unclear. Research on feelings as information and the affect heuristic has suggested that feelings are an important source of information, especially in situations of complexity and uncertainty. In this study (N = 1,484), we investigated how feelings related to traditional driving affect risk perception, benefit perception, and trust related to self driving cars as well as people's acceptance of the technology. Due to limited experiences with and knowledge of self driving cars, we expected that feelings related to a similar experience, namely, driving regular cars, would influence judgments of self driving cars. Our results support this assumption. While positive feelings of enjoyment predicted higher benefit perception and trust, negative affect predicted higher risk and higher benefit perception of self driving cars. Feelings of control were inversely related to risk and benefit perception, which is in line with research on the affect heuristic. Furthermore, negative affect was an important source of information for judgments of use and acceptance. Interest in using a self driving car was also predicted by lower risk perception, higher benefit perception, and higher levels of trust in the technology. Although people's individual experiences with advanced vehicle technologies and knowledge were associated with perceptions and acceptance, many simply have never been exposed to the technology and know little about it. In the absence of this experience or knowledge, all that is left is the knowledge, experience, and feelings they have related to regular driving. 6. Title: Advancing Risk Informed Decision Making in Managing Defense Nuclear Waste in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges for Risk Analysis Authors: Michael R. Greenberg; George Apostolakis; Timothy Fields; Bernard D. Goldstein; David Kosson; Steven Krahn; R. Bruce Matthews; James Rispoli; Jane Stewart; Richard Stewart. Abstract: An omnibus spending bill in 2014 directed the Department of Energy to analyze how effectively Department of Energy (DOE) identifies, programs, and executes its plans to address public health and safety risks that remain as part of DOE's remaining environmental cleanup liabilities. A committee identified two dozen issues and associated recommendations for the DOE, other federal agencies, and the U.S. Congress to consider, as well as other stakeholders such as states and tribal nations. In regard to risk assessment, the committee described a risk review process that uses available data, expert experience, identifies major data gaps, permits input from key stakeholders, and creates an ordered set of risks based on what is known. Probabilistic risk assessments could be a follow up from these risk reviews. In regard to risk management, the states, in particular, have become major drivers of how resources are driven. States use different laws, different priorities, and challenge DOE's policies in different ways. Land use decisions vary, technology choices are different, and other notable variations are apparent. The cost differences associated with these differences are marked. The net result is that resources do not necessarily go to the most prominent human health and safety risks, as seen from the national level. 7. Title: Evaluation of Proactive and Reactive Strategies for Polio Eradication Activities in Pakistan and Afghanistan Authors: Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens; Kimberly M. Thompson. Abstract: Only Pakistan and Afghanistan reported any polio cases caused by serotype 1 wild polioviruses (WPV1s) in 2017. With the dwindling cases in both countries and pressure to finish eradication with the least possible resources, a danger exists of inappropriate prioritization of efforts between the two countries and insufficient investment in the two countries to finish the job. We used an existing differential equation based poliovirus transmission and oral poliovirus (OPV) evolution model to simulate a proactive strategy to stop transmission, and different hypothetical reactive strategies that adapt the quality of supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) in response to observed polio cases in Pakistan and Afghanistan. To account for the delay in perception and adaptation, we related the coverage of the SIAs in high risk, undervaccinated subpopulations to the perceived (i.e., smoothed) polio incidence. Continuation of the current frequency and quality of SIAs remains insufficient to eradicate WPV1 in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Proactive strategies that significantly improve and sustain SIA quality lead to WPV1 eradication and the prevention of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks. Reactive vaccination efforts that adapt moderately quickly and independently to changes in polio incidence in each country may succeed in WPV1 interruption after several cycles of outbreaks, or may interrupt WPV1 transmission in one country but subsequently import WPV1 from the other country or enable the emergence of cVDPV outbreaks. Reactive vaccination efforts that adapt independently and either more rapidly or more slowly to changes in polio incidence in each country may similarly fail to interrupt WPV1 transmission and result in oscillations of the incidence. Reactive strategies that divert resources to the country of highest priority may lead to alternating large outbreaks. Achieving WPV1 eradication and subsequent successful OPV cessation in Pakistan and Afghanistan requires proactive and sustained efforts to improve vaccination intensity in under vaccinated subpopulations while maintaining high population immunity elsewhere. 8. Title: Modeling Undetected Live Poliovirus Circulation After Apparent Interruption of Transmission: Pakistan and Afghanistan Authors: Dominika A. Kalkowska; Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens; Mark A. Pallansch; Kimberly M. Thompson. Abstract: Since most poliovirus infections occur with no paralytic symptoms, the possibility of silent circulation complicates the confirmation of the end of poliovirus transmission. Based on empirical field experience and theoretical modeling results, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative identified three years without observing paralytic cases from wild polioviruses with good acute flaccid paralysis surveillance as an indication of sufficient confidence that poliovirus circulation stopped. The complexities of real populations and the imperfect nature of real surveillance systems subsequently demonstrated the importance of specific modeling for areas at high risk of undetected circulation, resulting in varying periods of time required to obtain the same level of confidence about no undetected circulation. Using a poliovirus transmission model that accounts for variability in transmissibility and neurovirulence for different poliovirus serotypes and characterizes country specific factors (e.g., vaccination and surveillance activities, demographics) related to wild and vaccine derived poliovirus transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan, we consider the probability of undetected poliovirus circulation for those countries once apparent die out occurs (i.e., in the absence of any epidemiological signals). We find that gaps in poliovirus surveillance or reaching elimination with borderline sufficient population immunity could significantly increase the time to reach high confidence about interruption of live poliovirus transmission, such that the path taken to achieve and maintain poliovirus elimination matters. Pakistan and Afghanistan will need to sustain high quality surveillance for polioviruses after apparent interruption of transmission and recognize that as efforts to identify cases or circulating live polioviruses decrease, the risks of undetected circulation increase and significantly delay the global polio endgame. 9. Title: Environmental Surveillance System Characteristics and Impacts on Confidence About No Undetected Serotype 1 Wild Poliovirus Circulation Authors: Dominika A. Kalkowska; Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens; Kimberly M. Thompson. Abstract: Surveillance for poliovirus during the polio endgame remains uncertain. Building on prior modeling of the potential for undetected poliovirus transmission for conditions like those in Pakistan and Afghanistan, we use a hypothetical model to explore several key characteristics of the poliovirus environmental surveillance (ES) system (e.g., number and quality of sites, catchment sizes, and sampling frequency) and characterize their impacts on the time required to reach high (i.e., 95%) confidence about no circulation (CNC95%) following the last detected case of serotype 1 wild poliovirus. The nature and quality of the existing and future acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance and ES system significantly impact the estimated CNC95% for places like Pakistan and Afghanistan. The analysis illustrates the tradeoffs between number of sites, sampling frequency, and catchments sizes, and suggests diminishing returns of increasing these three factors beyond a point that depends on site quality and the location of sites. Limitations in data quality and the hypothetical nature of the model reduce the ability to assess the extent to which actual ES systems offer benefits that exceed their costs. Thus, although poliovirus ES may help to reduce the time required to reach high confidence about the absence of undetected circulation, the effect strongly depends on the ability to establish effective ES sites in high risk areas. The costs and benefits of ES require further analysis. 10. Title: Probabilistic Integrated Human Mixture Risk Assessment of Multiple Metals Through Seafood Consumption Authors: Yi Jun Lin; Pinpin Lin. Abstract: Inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and methylmercury (MeHg) are toxic metals that cause substantial health concern and are present in various seafood items. 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We found that, in combination, an iAs–Cd–Pb–MeHg mixture synergistically causes neurological toxicity. Furthermore, an iAs–Cd–Pb mixture antagonistically causes renal and hematological effects and additively causes cardiovascular effect. Our results demonstrated that if toxic interactions are not considered, the health risk may be overestimated or underestimated. The 50th percentile HIINT estimates in all age populations for neurological, renal, cardiovascular, and hematological effects were lower than 1; however, the 97.5th percentile HIINT estimates might exceed 1. In particular, toddlers and preschoolers had the highest neurological risk, with 0.16 and 0.19 probabilities, respectively, of neurological HIINT exceeding 1. Saltwater fish consumption was the principal contributor to the health risk. We suggest that regular monitoring of metal levels in seafood, more precise dietary surveys, further toxicological data, and risk–benefit analysis of seafood consumption are warranted to improve the accuracy of human mixture risk assessment and determine optimal consumption. 11. Title: Why Do Countries Regulate Environmental Health Risks Differently? A Theoretical Perspective Authors: Sander C. S. Clahsen; Irene van Kamp; Betty C. Hakkert; Theo G. Vermeire; Aldert H. Piersma; Erik Lebret. Abstract: Why do countries regulate, or prefer to regulate, environmental health risks such as radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and endocrine disruptors differently? A wide variety of theories, models, and frameworks can be used to help answer this question, though the resulting answer will strongly depend on the theoretical perspective that is applied. In this theoretical review, we will explore eight conceptual frameworks, from different areas of science, which will offer eight different potential explanations as to why international differences occur in environmental health risk management. We are particularly interested in frameworks that could shed light on the role of scientific expertise within risk management processes. The frameworks included in this review are the Risk Assessment Paradigm, research into the roles of experts as policy advisors, the Psychometric Paradigm, the Cultural Theory of Risk, participatory approaches to risk assessment and risk management, the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the Social Amplification of Risk Framework, and Hofstede's Model of National Cultures. We drew from our knowledge and experiences regarding a diverse set of academic disciplines to pragmatically assemble a multidisciplinary set of frameworks. From the ideas and concepts offered by the eight frameworks, we derive pertinent questions to be used in further empirical work and we present an overarching framework to depict the various links that could be drawn between the frameworks. 12. Title: Financial Instruments for Mitigation of Flood Risks: The Case of Florence Authors: Fabio Castelli; Marcello Galeotti; Giovanni Rabitti. Abstract: This article analyzes the mechanisms and effects of innovative financial instruments that a central public administration (CPA) may adopt to minimize the flood risk in particularly exposed regions. The pattern we suggest assumes that in risky areas the CPA can issue two financial instruments, called project options and CAT bonds, producing a dynamic interaction among three types of agents: the CPA itself, the local public administrations, and private investors. We explore the possible scenarios of such interaction and the conditions under which the CPA's goal of maximal risk reduction is attained. This pattern is proposed for flood risk mitigation in the city of Florence, where the model dynamics are tested assuming parameters obtained from engineering studies. 13. Title: Lightning Rods, Earthquakes, and Regional Identities: Towards a Multi Scale Framework of Assessing Fracking Risk Perception Authors: James A. Pollard; David C. Rose. Abstract: Hydraulic fracturing has provided a persistent, polarizing, and highly politicized source of controversy internationally and in numerous national contexts for just under a decade. This research uses hydraulic fracturing (i.e., fracking) operations in New Zealand as a vignette through which to understand the underlying causes of controversy and the appropriateness of attempts to address them. A multi method approach using interviews (n = 25), diagrammatic analysis, and newsprint media was applied to evidence two major findings. First, previous attempts to explain fracking controversy based on social constructivist theory lack a multi scalar approach to the assessment of factors that influence risk perceptions. It is found that risk perception surrounding fracking in New Zealand reflects intra scalar interactions between factors originating at the international, national, regional, and local scale. Second, there is a concerning absence of critique pertaining to the concept of “social license to operate” (SLO), which has been advocated both internationally and nationally as an appropriate form of stakeholder engagement. This article contributes to the SLO outcomes literature by establishing a need to consider multi scalar influences on risk perception when explaining diverse SLO outcomes in communities where fracking operations are prospective or already tah€…‚…ƒ………‡……Ž…é…ê…ò…ó…††††)†*†;†P†[†\†]†f†g†AŒBŒCŒEŒGŒýðâ×Ê¼®Ê ’®„ y y y y yi[âðM×Ê¼h[h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh[h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hóKk5OJQJ^Jh[h[5OJQJ^Jh[hóSå5OJQJ^JhóKkhóKk5OJQJ^JhóSåhóSå5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhóSå5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(h}Onh)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^JUGŒMŒNŒ—Œ˜Œ Œ¡Œ¯Œ°ŒÂŒÃŒÔŒÕŒÖŒßŒàŒàÀãäåçéïðñäÖÈñºÖ¯Ö¯Ö¯Ÿ‘ƒvhvZOäAñähÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhÐ~œ5OJQJo(h[h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jo(h‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh[h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hóKk5OJQJ^JhÑ9‘h[5OJQJ^Jh[hóSå5OJQJ^JhóKkhóKk5OJQJ^JhóSå5OJQJ^Jo(hóSåhóSå5OJQJ^J˜ŒÖŒäåØ’,“¨ ¨{¨È¨R¯T¯b¯d¯‰´¨´cµeµfµhµiµkµlµnµoµpµqµúõõúúõõððõõõõëëõæäæäæäæääõgd°gd îgdmwˆgd)w¤gdóSåðÖ’Ø’ê’ ““(“*“,“>“@“ ”@ž¨¨¨ ¨¨¨ðâÔÆ»Æ»«‚t‚r‚dYL?h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hóSå5OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤5OJQJo(h[h)w¤OJQJ^Jo(Uh‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jo(h‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh[h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(hóKk5OJQJ^JhóKkhóKk5OJQJ^JhóSåhóSå5OJQJ^Jh[hóSå5OJQJ^JhóKkhóKk5OJQJ^Jo(king place. 14. Title: Understanding Cumulative Risk Perception from Judgments and Choices: An Application to Flood Risks Authors: Cristóbal De La Maza; Alex Davis; Cleotilde Gonzalez; Inês Azevedo. Abstract: Catastrophic events, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis, are rare, yet the cumulative risk of each event occurring at least once over an extended time period can be substantial. In this work, we assess the perception of cumulative flood risks, how those perceptions affect the choice of insurance, and whether perceptions and choices are influenced by cumulative risk information. We find that participants' cumulative risk judgments are well represented by a bimodal distribution, with a group that severely underestimates the risk and a group that moderately overestimates it. Individuals who underestimate cumulative risks make more risk seeking choices compared to those who overestimate cumulative risks. Providing explicit cumulative risk information for relevant time periods, as opposed to annual probabilities, is an inexpensive and effective way to improve both the perception of cumulative risk and the choices people make to protect against that risk. åNN/ffNÄ‹ÿ 15. Title: Behaving Better BEHAVE: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst¨¨¨¨z¨{¨„¨˜¨™¨¤¨¥¨¸¨¹¨Æ¨Ç¨È¨Ñ¨Ò¨Òª¤P¯R¯T¯^¯ñãÖÈºãÈ¯È¯È¯È¯Ÿ‘ƒvhv^PBh; h‹Ã5OJQJo(h[h€OJQJ^Jo(h)w¤OJQJ^Jh‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jo(h‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh[h)w¤5OJQJ^Jo(h‹Ã5OJQJ^Jh[hmwˆ5OJQJ^Jh‹Ãh‹Ã5OJQJ^Jhmwˆ5OJQJ^Jo(hmwˆhmwˆ5OJQJ^JhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^J^¯`¯b¯d¯h¯j¯l¯x¯z¯°´ˆ´‰´’´§´¨´±´²´¶´Ù´òéÞÑÃ¼®¡“‘“ƒu“eWI<2hZ!eOJQJ^Jh‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^Jhih)w¤OJQJ^Jo(h$?Ãh)w¤5OJQJ^Jh$?Ãh î5OJQJ^Jo(hmwˆh î5OJQJ^Jh[h î5OJQJ^JUh‹Ãh‹Ã5OJQJ^Jh î5OJQJ^Jo(h îh î5OJQJ^Jh îh îhÌ"èh)w¤5OJQJ^JhóSå5OJQJ^Jo(h‹Ã5OJQJo(h)w¤5OJQJh‹Ãh‹Ã5OJQJo( by Robert M. Sapolsky, Penguin Press, 2017, and12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos by Jordan B. Peterson, Random House Canada, 2018 Authors: Louis Anthony Cox Jr. Abstract: The article reviews these books “Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst” by Robert M. Sapolsky and “12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos” by Jordan B. Peterson. Ù´ µµµ"µNµOµaµbµcµdµfµgµiµjµlµmµpµqµóìóâóìóâÔÌÈÌÈÌÈÌÈÔh_Pjh_PUh/FÉhj<OJQJ^Jo(h‹ÃOJQJ^Jh‹Ãh‹Ãh‹Ãh‹ÃOJQJ^J0182P°‚. °ÆA!°"°# $ %°°S°à©s2ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð2(Øè 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€ÀÐàð 0@P`p€8XøV~ °ÀÐ€àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@àð 0@PJ_HmH nHsH tHJ`ñÿJck‡e$1$a$ CJKH_HaJmH nHsH tH$A òÿ¡$Øž¤‹µk=„W[SOBióÿ³Bnfhˆ&”öÅœâ]®6ïšÒ¨ƒÒN=¼âìInÀ¡¼“a7‰‘²qb&>!"èh [ü¢+LxêzÂ)ã°óWÃVßOgá%¬Å¢|8MÄƒ#±/øÙ8€è'Øþ=¼žQÁU*áÓCŒ`CÔW{’D6à¹/Ò[ŽœYLîƒ‚ßôÚ%¿+ÔünÎ+{…\Ío–sMß/»~±Ði•BcAXô“/=xEçé'5¾ö&\¼h»4daž©Ï,yE\}†)–lŸaò‹ë•R¯^®·*¹z¹ÙËyV-WoWZ¹N¥]íô:m¿Vï=tCöšå¶WéÖr•b»ó*I¿VÏU½R©éU›µ®×|˜nc`å‰|¤±€ð*^ÛÿÿÿPK! 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